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Some benchmarks for seismic modeling anf FWI

Content (click on the benchmark you need)

$$\tag{Content}\label{Content}$$

$ \ref{2004 BP salt model (2D - acoustic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{EAGE/SEG Overthrust model (3D - acoustic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{EAGE/SEG Salt model (3D - acoustic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{Foothills (2D - elastic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{GO_3D_OBS (3D - visco-elastic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{Marmousi (2D - acoustic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{MarmousiII (2D - elastic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{Marine overthrust (3D - acoustic - isotropic)} $
$ \ref{Valhall (2D - acoustic - VTI)} $

$$\tag{2004 BP salt model (2D - acoustic - isotropic)}\label{2004 BP salt model (2D - acoustic - isotropic)}$$

2D acoustic (Vp/rho) BP Salt model

2D acoustic (Vp/rho) BP Salt model. n1=1911 n2=5395 d1=6.25m d2=12.5m

Download psimage.sh for plot.

Download Vp (raw binary)

Download Rho (raw binary)

Reference: F. J. Billette and S. Brandsberg-Dahl, The 2004 BP Velocity Benchmark, Extended Abstracts, 67th Annual EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Madrid, Spain, 2004.

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$$\tag{EAGE/SEG Overthrust model (3D - acoustic - isotropic)}\label{EAGE/SEG Overthrust model (3D - acoustic - isotropic)}$$

3D EAGE/SEG Overthrust model

Original model

Acoustic onshore model.

V_mn, V_max = 2178.83447 6000.00000 m/s

Downlad the original 3D grid [Vp] (here; raw binary format)

n1=187 n2=801 n3=801 d1=d2=d3=25m

Download our favorite 2D section (i3=455) (here; raw binary format)

n1=187 n2=801 d1=d2=25m

psimage.sh

Download the 3D grid resampled with a grid interval of 50m here

n1= 94 n2=401 n3=401 d1=d2=d3=50m

Velocity grid used for benchmarking the wavelength-adaptive 27-point stencil.

References: H. Aghamiry, A. Gholami, L. Combe and S. Operto, Accurate 3D frequency-domain seismic wave modeling with the wavelength-adaptive 27-point finite-difference stencil: a tool for full waveform inversion, Geophysics, 87(3), 2022.

The size of the grid is 93 x 401 x 401 for a grid interval of 50 m (57 Mb). Compared to the original model one sample out of two has been kept.

The FDFD solution is verified against the solution computed with the Convergent Series Method (CBS) .

Reference:

@article{Osnabrugge_2016_CBS,
title={A convergent Born series for solving the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation in arbitrarily large media},
author={Osnabrugge, Gerwin and Leedumrongwatthanakun, Saroch and Vellekoop, Ivo M},
journal={Journal of computational physics},
volume={322},
pages={113--124},
year={2016},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

The velocity grid and the CBS wavefield (real and imaginary parts of the monochromatic wavefield) in raw binary format can be downloaded below to test the 27-point stencil in the FDFDMATRIX package available in the OpenCodes menu.

Download the velocity grid here (.BIN)

CBS solution (real and imaginary parts) here Real part (.bin) Imaginary part (.bin)

Reference:

@Book{Aminzadeh_1997_DSO,
title = {{3-D} {Salt} and {Overthrust} models},
publisher = {{SEG/EAGE} 3-{D} {M}odeling {S}eries {N}o.1},
year = {1997},
author = {F. Aminzadeh and J. Brac and T. Kunz},
serie = {{SEG/EAGE {3-D} Modeling Series No.1}},
}

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$$\tag{EAGE/SEG Salt model (3D - acoustic - isotropic)}\label{EAGE/SEG Salt model (3D - acoustic - isotropic)}$$

3D SEG/EAGE Salt model

3D SEG/EAGE Salt model. 3D acoustic offshore model with salt body. n1=210 n2=676 n3=676 h=20m vmin=1500 - vmax=4482

Download Vp

Download psimage.sh

Velocity grid used for benchmarking the wavelength-adaptive 27-point stencil.

The size of the velocity grid is 115 x 338 x 338 for a grid interval of 40 m (52.5 Mb). Compared to the original model one sample out of two has been kept. The FDFD solution is verified against the solution computed with the Convergent Series Method (CBS).

Reference: @article{Osnabrugge_2016_CBS,
title={A convergent Born series for solving the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation in arbitrarily large media},
author={Osnabrugge, Gerwin and Leedumrongwatthanakun, Saroch and Vellekoop, Ivo M},
journal={Journal of computational physics},
volume={322},
pages={113--124},
year={2016},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

Download the velocity grid here (.BIN) Download the CBS wavefield here (real and imaginary parts) Real part (.bin) Imaginary part (.bin)

Reference: @Book{Aminzadeh_1997_DSO,
title = {{3-D} {Salt} and {Overthrust} models},
publisher = {{SEG/EAGE} 3-{D} {M}odeling {S}eries {N}o.1},
year = {1997},
author = {F. Aminzadeh and J. Brac and T. Kunz},
serie = {{SEG/EAGE {3-D} Modeling Series No.1}},
}

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$$\tag{Foothills (2D - elastic - isotropic)}\label{Foothills (2D - elastic - isotropic)}$$

2D VP/Vs/Rho model of a foothills area (Courtesy of Total).

Note: The density model is homogeneous below the topography (rho=2600) n1=12701 n2=37001 d1=1 d2=1 to plot with SU download psimage.sh

Download Vp (raw binary)

Download Vs (raw binary)

Download rho (raw binary)

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$$\tag{GO_3D_OBS (3D - visco-elastic - isotropic)}\label{GO_3D_OBS (3D - visco-elastic - isotropic)}$$

GO_3D_OBS: A benchmark crustal-scale geomodel

for seismic imaging methods assessment and next generation 3D surveys design

The GO_3D_OBS geomodel has been designed by Andrzej Górszczyk (Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Department of the Geophysical Imaging) to assess seismic imaging methods for crustal-scale exploration mainly from sparse ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) survey. This highly-realistic geomodel is inspired by the geology of the eastern-Nankai through subduction zone (Tokai area), offshore Japan, where the first OBS survey for FWI applications was carried out in 2001 by JAMSTEC. The most recent FWI results obtained with this dataset are presented in

A. Gorszczyk, S. Operto, and M. Malinowski. Towards a robust workflow for deep crustal imaging by FWI of OBS data: the eastern Nankai trough revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013891, 122(6), pages 4601--4630, 2017.
A. Gorszczyk, S. Operto, L. Schenini and Y. Yamada, Crustal-scale depth imaging via joint FWI of OBS data and PSDM of MCS data: a case study from the eastern Nankai Trough, Solid Earth, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-33, 10, 765--784, 2019.

The GO_3D_OBS geomodel is distributed on a Cartesian regular grid with a 25m grid interval. The physical dimensions of the model are 175 km x 130 km x 30 km. It is parametrized by Vp, Vs, rho, Qp and Qs, hence it is an isotropic visco-elastic model. The Vs and rho models have been mainly inferred from the Vp model using the empirical relationships of Brocher (2005). More details can be found in

Górszczyk, A. and Operto, S.: GO_3D_OBS – The Nankai Trough-inspired benchmark geomodel for seismic imaging methods assessment and next generation 3D surveys design (version 1.0), Geosci. Model Dev, https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1773/2021/, 2021.

The geomodel can be downloaded from the official site here

For Geoazur users, download the model here

For assessment of 2D methods, we suggest to use the section 1001 as a reference one (y=25km).

TARGET OF THE ISOTROPIC MODEL USED IN THE FOLLOWING PAPERS AS WELL AS THE FINITE-DIFFERENCE MATRIX AND THE 130 SPARSE RIGHT-HAND SIDES.

P.-H. Tournier, P. Jolivet, V. Dolean, H. Aghamiry, S. Operto and S. Riffo, Three-dimensional finite-difference \& finite-element frequency-domain wave simulation with multi-level optimized additive Schwarz domain-decomposition preconditioner: A tool for FWI of sparse node datasets, Geophysics, 87(5), 1SO-V558, 2022.
H. Aghamiry, A. Gholami, L. Combe and S. Operto, Accurate 3D frequency-domain seismic wave modeling with the wavelength-adaptive 27-point finite-difference stencil: a tool for full waveform inversion, Geophysics, 87(3), 1MJ-V246, 2022.

VELOCITY GRID (WITHOUT PMLs) (233Mb) (.bin) Size of the grid: n1=284, n2=1021, n3=201; Grid interval: d1=d2=d3=100 m. In Fortran, REAL(KIND=4) :: v(n1,n2,n3) The first (fast) dimension is depth, the second dimension is inline direction, the third dimension is crossline direction. The FDFD solution is verified against the solution computed with the Convergent Series Method (CBS) . Reference: @article{Osnabrugge_2016_CBS,
title={A convergent Born series for solving the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation in arbitrarily large media},
author={Osnabrugge, Gerwin and Leedumrongwatthanakun, Saroch and Vellekoop, Ivo M},
journal={Journal of computational physics},
volume={322},
pages={113--124},
year={2016},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

The CBS wavefield (real and imaginary part) can be downloaded here. CBS wavefield: real part (bin) imaginary part (.bin)

IMPEDANCE MATRIX IN COO FORMAT mata.bin, irna.bin, jcna.bin file mata.bin: Complex-valued coefficients of the matrix. files irna.bin, jcna.bin: row and column indexes of the non zero coefficients of the impedance matrix.

COMPLEX(KIND=SP):: mata(NNZ) (15Gb) (.bin) INTEGER(KIND=4) :: (7.5Gb each) irna(NNZ) (.bin) , jcna(NNZ) (.bin) NNZ=1811931418

Note that the matrix was built with constant density = 1 and constant Q=1000

SPARSE RIGHT-HAND SIDES (seabed node acquisition) rhs_sparse.bin (.bin) , irhs_sparse.bin (.bin) , irhs_ptr.bin (.bin) COMPLEX(KIND=SP):: rhs_sparse(NNZ_RHS) INTEGER(KIND=4) :: irhs_sparse(NNZ_rhs), irhs_ptr(NRHS+1)

File rhs_sparse.bin: non zero coefficients of the 130 RHS vectors. File irhs_sparse.bin: row index of the 130 RHS vectors. File irhs_ptr.bin: index in a vector of size NRHS+1 of the first entry of each RHS NNZ_RHS=94770 NRHS=130 Number of RHS. Roughly on the sea bed.

Contact: Dr Andrzej Górszczyk, Assistant Professor
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Department of the Geophysical Imaging
Ks. Janusza 64, 01-452 Warsaw
phone: +48 22 6915 838, mobile: (+48) 517 586 314

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$$\tag{Marmousi (2D - acoustic - isotropic)}\label{Marmousi (2D - acoustic - isotropic)}$$

Marmousi model

Download Vp

Download Rho

n1=751 n2=2301 d1=4 d2=4

psimage < velocity.HT > velocity.ps n1=751 f1=0 d1=4 n2=2301 f2=0 d2=4 labelsize=12 label1='Depth(m)' label2='Distance(m)' wbox=6 hbox=2 title='Marmousi - Vp' titlesize=12 legend=1 units=m/s lstyle=vertright lheight=2 f1num=0 d1num=500

psimage < density.HT > density.ps n1=751 f1=0 d1=4 n2=2301 f2=0 d2=4 labelsize=12 label1='Depth(m)' label2='Distance(m)' wbox=6 hbox=2 title='Marmousi - Rho' titlesize=12 legend=1 lstyle=vertright lheight=2 f1num=0 d1num=500

References:

@InProceedings{Lailly_1991_SMW,
Title = {Synthesis of the {Marmousi} workshop},
Author = {P. Lailly and F. Rocca and R. Versteeg},
Booktitle = {The Marmousi Experience},
Year = {1991},
Pages = {169--194},
Meeting = {1990 EAGE workshop on practical aspects of seismic data inversion}
}

@InProceedings{Rocca_1991_SMW,
Title = {Synthesis of the Marmousi workshop},
Author = {P. L. F. Rocca and R. Versteeg},
Booktitle = {The Marmousi Experience},
Year = {1991},
Pages = {169--194},
Publisher = {Eur. Ass. Expl. Geophys},
Meeting = {52$^{nd}$ Annual EAEG Meeting}
}

@InProceedings{Bourgeois_1991_MMD,
Title = {{M}armousi, model and data},
Author = {A. Bourgeois and M. Bourget and P. Lailly and M. Poulet and P. Ricarte and R. Versteeg},
Booktitle = {The Marmousi Experience},
Year = {1991},
Pages = {5--16},
Publisher = {Eur. Ass. Expl. Geophys},
Meeting = {52$^{nd}$ Annual EAEG Meeting}
}

@InProceedings{Johnson_1991_SIR,
Title = {Structural imaging in the real {World}},
Author = {J. D. Johnson},
Booktitle = {The Marmousi experience},
Year = {1991},
Pages = {23--26},
Publisher = {Eur. Ass. Expl. Geophys.},
Meeting = {52$^{nd}$ EAEG Meeting}
}

@Book{Versteeg_1991_ME,
Title = {The {Marmousi} experience},
Editor = {R. J. Versteeg and G. Grau},
Publisher = {Proceedings of the 1990 EAEG workshop on Practical Aspects of Seismic Data Inversion, Eur. Ass. Expl. Geophys},
Year = {1991}
}

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$$\tag{MarmousiII (2D - elastic - isotropic)}\label{MarmousiII (2D - elastic - isotropic)}$$

2D elastic Marmousi II model

n1=2801 n2=13601 n3=1 h=1.25m

Download Vp (153Mb) raw binary

Download Vs (153Mb) raw binary

Download Rho (153Mb) raw binary

Reference: G. S. Martin, R. Wiley and K. Marfurt, Marmousi2: An elastic upgrade for Marmousi, The Leading Edge, 156--166, February 2006.

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$$\tag{Marine overthrust (3D - acoustic - isotropic)}\label{Marine overthrust (3D - acoustic - isotropic)}$$

3D marine Overthrust model

A marine version of the 3D SEG/EAGE Overthrust model. A 200-thick water layer was added. Velocities were scaled to mimic sedimentary wavespeeds in north sea environements.

Acoustic - isotropic - Vp - n1=185 n2=801 n3=801 h=25m

Donwload Vp model (raw binary)